In 1997, the kyoto protocol treaty was signed by 1.) 191 nations, not including the united states 2.)191 nations including the united states. 3.) every member of the us congress.

1.) 191 nations, not including the United States

Explanation:

The Kyoto Protocol is a protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and an international agreement that aims to reduce the emissions of six greenhouse gases that cause global warming. The gases are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and the other three are types of fluorinated industrial gases: hydrofluorocarbons (HFC), perfluorocarbons (PFC) and hexafluoride. Sulfur (SF6). The protocol agreed to a reduction of at least 5% of the emissions of these gases in 2008-2012 compared to 1990 emissions. This does not mean that each country committed to reduce its emissions of regulated gases by 5%. At least, this is a percentage corresponding to a global commitment and each country subscribing to the protocol had its own commitments to reduce emissions.

The protocol was adopted on December 11, 1997 in Kyoto, Japan, but did not enter into force until February 16, 2005. In November 2009, there were 187 states that had ratified it, the United States, which was when it was signed. the protocol the largest emitter of greenhouse gases (since 2005 it is China), never ratified it.

The protocol is part of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), signed in 1992 within what became known as the Earth Summit of Rio de Janeiro. The protocol came to give binding force to what the UNFCCC could not do at that time.

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