Is an economic system in which people are free to buy, sell, and produce whatever they want

The Sui and Tang Dynasties were able to reunite China after centuries of war. The Song Dynasty, starting in 960, was able to build on this stability and help advance the government of China.

A bureaucracy is made up of all the people who work for the government. The Chinese government was unique for the era, as its large bureaucracy was based on merit.  Meritocracies are formed based on the abilities of the people versus their wealth and nobility.  To help build this large bureaucracy, many took the Civil Service Exam.  

The Civil Service Exam system started under the Han Dynasty and reemerged under the Tang and Song.  Chinese men would spend years learning the Chinese classics like The Analects by the famous Chinese philosopher Confucius.  Based on their abilities, they would take a series of exams that would award them greater power and influence.  A person who passed any one level of these exams entered a new social class: the scholar gentry.  This approach to governing lasted until around 1900!

Economic Development

The stability of the Tang and Song Dynasties allowed for the Chinese to economically develop. A lot of this development was based on their new technologies, regional trade, and their growing dominance.

Below are a series of new developments that helped the Chinese to have the strongest economy between 1200-1450

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