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1. According to Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., if the Electoral College of the United States was abolished, the collapse of the already weakened two-party political system would be fast tracked; resulting in multiplication of splinter parties. In his opinion, this would encourage single-issue ideologues (those who blindly support a particular idea or set of ideas) and eccentric millionaires to venture into the presidential race and make it difficult for major party candidates to win popular-vote majorities.

2. It can be important since it makes a big difference in a close race, and a mainstream candidate loses (or wins) when the majority normally would have elected the other one.

4. Splinter parties usually develop due to feuds between members of larger parties. A person doesn't share beliefs and opinions that the party is currently promoting and decides to break off and form their own party, called a splinter party.

5. Simply a body of electors established by the United States Constitution that helps electing the president and vice president of the United States

The German government helped him return home.

Revolutionary activity broke out in Russia in February, 1917 -- during the time of World War I.   Germany and Russia were on opposite sides in that war, and the German authorities hoped that the return of Lenin to Russia would help foment further revolution there and hurt the Russian government's ability to wage war in Europe.  They were correct in that assumption.  The major revolution in Russia, known as the Bolshevik Revolution, occurred in the fall of 1917.  In March 1918, the new Soviet Russia government ended its participation in the war, signing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.