what did the governments of the Zhou dynasty in China and European kingdoms during the Middle Ages have in common

The correct answer to this open question is the following.

You did not include options for this question. However, we can say the following.

What the governments of the Zhou dynasty in China and European kingdoms during the Middle Ages had in common was that "they were absolute monarchies."

Absolute monarchies are ruled by powerful emperors -in the case of China- or powerful kings, in the case of Europe.

In ancient China as well as the Middle Ages in Europe, these Emperors and Kings were absolutists rulers -some even tyrants- that exerted total power and control over their subjects who had no rights, just total submission to the king's will.