What was the Dreyfus affair?

The Dreyfus affair was a political scandal in France in the late 19th and early 20th century in which Alfred Dreyfus was unjustly accused of treason. Dreyfus was Jewish and his accusation was based on antisemitism.  The affair has split the country along the lines of pro Army Catholics and pro-republican secularists.

John Locke

Explanation: The idea the governments exist only by the consent of the people was first popularized by John Locke.