Which had the greatest impact on the outcome of the civil war

The correct answer is D. The Fifth Amendment gives an accused person the right to remain silent.

Explanation:

The right against self-incrimination is described in the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution and also extends to state and local jurisdictions. When someone exercises this right, we generally say that he "plead the Fifth."

The Constitution grants this right quite simply: "No person shall be [... compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself ...". However, as with most constitutional rights, this is subject to interpretation by the courts and often generates a strong debate.