Which phrase describes a major effect of the Protestant reformation A. The creation of the first printing press
B. The spread of religious conflict in Europe
C. The end of the popes influence in Europe
D. The expansion of humanist styles of art

The correct answer is B. A major effect of the Protestant reformation was the spread of religious conflict in Europe.

Explanation:

The Protestant Reformation is the name for religious movements against the papacy and the Catholic Church in the 16th century, initiated by Martin Luther and John Calvin. From these movements, new religious communities emerged, independent of the papacy.  

The cause of the Reformation was the changed socio-economic relations, the chaotic situation in the Catholic Church, the corruption of the clergy and the sale of indulgences for sins. The Reformation movement and the resistance of the Catholic Church led to long and difficult religious wars,  such as the Thirty Years' War, which raged in Europe for decades and destroyed many material and cultural treasures.