Which politcal party in 1860 was the same as the republican party today

Causes of the French Revolution

International- struggle for hegemony and Empire outstrips the fiscal resources of the state.

Political conflict- conflict between the Monarchy and the nobility over the “reform” of the tax system led to paralysis and bankruptcy.

The Enlightenment- impulse for reform intensifies political conflicts; reinforces traditional aristocratic constitutionalism, one variant of which was laid out in Montequieu’s Spirit of the Laws; introduces new notions of good government, the most radical being popular sovereignty, as in Rousseau’s Social Contract [1762]; the attack on the regime and privileged class by the Literary Underground of “Grub Street;” the broadening influence of public opinion

Social antagonisms between two rising groups- the aristocracy and the bourgeoisie

Ineffective ruler- Louis XVI

Economic hardship, especially the agrarian crisis of 1788-89 generates popular discontent and disorders caused by food shortages.