Which was a characteristic of feudalism in both medieval Europe and Japan?

1 - Merchants acquired more power than any other class.
2- Political power was held by a strong central government.
3- The army encouraged strong national feelings among the people.
4- People pledged absolute lovalty to their social superiors.

4- People pledged absolute loyalty to their social superiors.

Explanation:

It´s curious, but feudal society in both Japan and Europe is characterized by a rigid social structure supported by religious principles to a large extent. Feudal Europe was Christian, and it was believed that a person social place was determined by God´s will. In Japan, Buddhism and Confucianism endorsed a rigid social order. In both cases , there were usually very few chances for a person to move upwards in the social ladder. In both medieval Japan and medieval Europe all people had to sworn in and show loyalty to superiors; peasants to their lords, the feudal lords to the king or the shogun.

Excerpt C

Explanation:

Excerpt C (C. 03:18) is not from music composed by Beethoven