Ghost, Inc., has no debt outstanding and a total market value of $369,600. Earnings before interest and taxes, EBIT, are projected to be $51,000 if economic conditions are normal. If there is strong expansion in the economy, then EBIT will be 15 percent higher. If there is a recession, then EBIT will be 24 percent lower. The company is considering a $185,000 debt issue with an interest rate of 6 percent. The proceeds will be used to repurchase shares of stock. There are currently 8,400 shares outstanding. The company has a tax rate of 24 percent, a market-to-book ratio of 1.0, and the stock price remains constant. a-1. Calculate earnings per share (EPS) under each of the three economic scenarios before any debt is issued. (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answers to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) a-2. Calculate the percentage changes in EPS when the economy expands or enters a recession.

Ghost Inc.

A1.

Earnings Per share (EPS)

EPS in normal projection is $4.61 per share

EPS in an expansion is $5.31 Per share

EPS in a recession is $3.51 Per share

A2.

Changes to EPS in an expansion is +15.18%

Changes to EPS in a recession is -23.86%

B1.

Earnings Per share (EPS)

EPS in normal projection is $7.23 per share

EPS in an expansion is $8.62 Per share

EPS in a recession is $5.01 Per share

B2.

Changes to EPS in an expansion is +19.23%

Changes to EPS in a recession is -30.71%

Step-by-step explanation:

Underlying Information:

Earnings before interest and taxes, EBIT projections = $51,000

Expansionary EBIT projections = $51,000 x (100% + 15%) = $58,650

Recessionary EBIT projections = $51,000 x (100% -24%) = $38,760

Tax Rate = 24%

Market to Book Ratio = 1.0

Stock Price is constant.

Solution to A1.

Scenario 1 (Projected Earnings)

Earnings Per Share (EPS) = Net Income (Earnings after Tax) divided by Outstanding Shares in Issue

Net Income = EBIT minus tax = $51,000 - ($51,000 x 24%)

                                                 = $51,000 - $12240

                                                 = $38,760

Outstanding shares in issue = 8,400 ordinary Shares

EPS = $38,760 divided by 8,400 shares = $4.61 Per share

Scenario 2 (Projected Earnings in a strong expansion)

Earnings Per Share (EPS) = Net Income (Earnings after Tax) divided by Outstanding Shares in Issue

Net Income = EBIT minus tax = $58,650 - ($58,650 x 24%)

                                                 = $58,650 - $14,076

                                                 = $44,574

Outstanding shares in issue = 8,400 ordinary Shares

EPS = $44,574 divided by 8,400 shares = $5.31 Per share

Scenario 3 (Projected Earnings in a Recession)

Earnings Per Share (EPS) = Net Income (Earnings after Tax) divided by Outstanding Shares in Issue

Net Income = EBIT minus tax = $38,760 - ($38,760 x 24%)

                                                 = $38,760 - $9,302.4

                                                 = $29,457.6

Outstanding shares in issue = 8,400 ordinary Shares

EPS = $44,574 divided by 8,400 shares = $3.51 Per share

Solution to A2.

1.Changes to EPS in an expansion = EPS (Expansion) minus EPS (normal projection), all divided by EPS (normal projection)

= (5.31 - 4.61) / 4.61

= +15.18% change during an expansion

2.Changes to EPS in a recession = EPS (Recession) minus EPS (normal projection), all divided by EPS (normal projection)

= (3.51 - 4.61) / 4.61

= -23.86% change during a recession

Underlying Information:

Debt issue = $185,000

Interest on debt issued = 6% = $11,100

Market to Book Ratio = 1.0

Stock Price is constant.

Therefore Share Price  = Market Value divided by Outstanding shares in issue = 369,600 / 8400 = $44

This implies our proceeds of $185,000 from debt issue would have repurchased $185,000 divided by $44 = 4,205 ordinary shares

This decision to repurchase its shares indicates the shares outstanding will reduce by 4,205. New outstanding shares will now be 4,195 shares

*Earnings before interest and taxes, EBIT normal projections  = $51,000 & Earnings Before Tax  (EBT) = $51,000 minus $11,100 (debt interest) =  $39,900

*Expansionary EBIT projections = $51,000 x (100% + 15%) = $58,650 & Earnings Before Tax = $58,650 minus $11,100 (debt interest) =  $47,550

*Recessionary EBIT projections = $51,000 x (100% -24%) = $38,760 & Earnings Before Tax = $38,760 minus $11,100 (debt interest) =  $27,660

Tax Rate = 24%

Solution to B1.

Scenario 1 (Projected Earnings)

Earnings Per Share (EPS) = Net Income (Earnings after Tax) divided by Outstanding Shares in Issue

Net Income = EBT minus tax = $39,900 - ($39,900 x 24%)

                                                 = $39,900 - $9,576

                                                 = $30,324

Outstanding shares in issue = 4,195 ordinary Shares

EPS = $30,324 divided by 4,195 shares = $7.23 Per share

Scenario 2 (Projected Earnings in a strong expansion)

Earnings Per Share (EPS) = Net Income (Earnings after Tax) divided by Outstanding Shares in Issue

Net Income = EBT minus tax = $47,550 - ($47,550 x 24%)

                                                 = $47,550 - $11,412

                                                 = $36,138

Outstanding shares in issue = 4,195 ordinary Shares

EPS = $36,138 divided by 4,195 shares = $8.62 Per share

Scenario 3 (Projected Earnings in a Recession)

Earnings Per Share (EPS) = Net Income (Earnings after Tax) divided by Outstanding Shares in Issue

Net Income = EBT minus tax = $27,660 - ($27,660 x 24%)

                                                 = $27,660 - $6,638.40

                                                 = $21,021.60

Outstanding shares in issue = 4,195 ordinary Shares

EPS = $21,021.60 divided by 4,195 shares = $5.01 Per share

Solution to B2.

1.Changes to EPS in an expansion = EPS (Expansion) minus EPS (normal projection), all divided by EPS (normal projection)

= (8.62 - 7.23) / 7.23

= +19.23% change during an expansion

2.Changes to EPS in a recession = EPS (Recession) minus EPS (normal projection), all divided by EPS (normal projection)

= (5.01 - 7.23) / 7.23

= -30.71% change during a recession

It would be B. When you apply the distributive property (which is multiplying the outside integer on the outside of the parenthesis by the ones one the inside) you get -3 times x, which is -3x, and -3 times 13, which is -39 (it is negative because the positive times the negative is negative). This results in the solution -3x-39.