An initially stationary 18-kg curling rock has a force applied to it over 2.0s. Its released with a velocity of 8.3 m/s [forward]. Determine the magnitude and direction of the applied force. Try solving this problem two different ways.

Suppose that a horizontal force F is applied to a block resting on a rough surface (see Figure 6.1). As long as the applied force F is less than a certain maximum force (Fmax), the block will not move. This means that the net force on the block in the horizontal direction is zero. Therefore, besides the applied force F, there must be a second force f acting on the block. The force f must have a strength equal to F, and it must be pointing in the opposite direction. This force f is called the friction force, and because the block does not move, we are dealing with static friction. Experiments have shown that the force of static friction is largely independent of the area of contact and proportional to the normal force N acting between the block and the surface. The static friction force is

f <= us N