How can you measure the distance an object has moved?

You must observe the object twice.

-- Look at it the first time, and make a mark where it is.

-- After some time has passed, look at the object again, and
make another mark at the place where it is.

-- At your convenience, take out your ruler, and measure the
distance between the two marks.

What you'll have is the object's "displacement" during that period
of time ... the distance between the start-point and end-point. 
Technically, you won't know the actual distance it has traveled
during that time, because you don't know the route it took.

a. In the process of induction, metal objects are positive because electrons are pushed out of the object to the earth. The mass of the object decreases by an amount equal to the mass of the electrons leaving the metal object.

b. During the induction process, electrons are drawn from the earth to the object, so that the metal object becomes negative. The mass of the object increases by an amount equal to the mass of "excess" electrons dragged onto the object.