Who is the scientist that gave us the photon as a way of describing light as a particle?

Albert Einstein

Explanation:

Light can be considered as a wave or as particles, in this context Einstein proposed that light behaves like a stream of particles called photons with an energy, in order to correctly explain the photoelectric effect (in fact he won the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics because of this explanation).

To uderstand it better:

The photoelectric effect is a fenomenom that consists in the emission of electrons that occurs when light falls on a metal surface under certain conditions.

This  can only be explained based on the corpuscular model of light, that is, light is quantized.

So, Einstein theorized light as a stream of energy packets called photons, this energy is able to pull an electron out of the crystalline lattice of the metal and communicate, in addition, a kinetic energy.