Within which of the 4 traditions of geography would you likely study topics such as how human actions modify the physical environment and how nature in turn impacts human activities?

a location
b. culture-environment
c. earth science
d.area analysis

A small summary of the 4 areas can be described as:

Location: The tradition of location tries to explain the course of human settlements in terms of location, growth and in relation to other premises.

Area analysis tradition determine as much as possible to obtain information about a particular place to define, describe and differentiate it from other regions or areas.

Culture-environment tradition is the study of the relationship between human beings and the land in which they live. Culture-environment not only analyzes the impact that people impose on their local environment, but, on the contrary, how natural hazards can influence human life.

Earth Science Tradition is the study of planet Earth as the home of humans and their systems. Along with the physical geography of the planet, the study approaches include things like how the location of the planet in the solar system affects its seasons (this is also known as Earth-Sun interaction) and how changes in the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and Biosphere impacts human life on the planet.

Therefore the correct answer is B.

A. In longitudinal waves, particles move perpendicular to the direction the wave is traveling.