Are sums of money spent to influence an election, but the donating organization is not allowed to coordinate with a candidate's official campaign.

The answer is Political Donations also known as Campaign Finance

In the United States, it is common for big businesses to support a certain member who is running for the Presidential Office. To gain some influence and to enhance lobbying efforts, all these companies are allowed to donate a certain amount of money.

These donations can ONLY be used to the fund the political campaign of a candidate and cannot be used for personal needs.

While controversial, it has become an integral part of America's democratic system and every President who wins is supported by large corporations.

Civil Rights Act of 1866, Jones v. Mayer.

Explanation:

Under the Civil Rights Act of 1866 and Jones v. Mayer (1968) any discrimination based on race when selling or leasing properties is prohibited. In Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co. (1968) it was held that Congress would control the sale of private property to stop racial discrimination. The foundation for that decision was the Civil Rights Act of 1866.