In a short paragraph, explain in your own words how the draft began, reactions to the draft, and those affected (i.e., demographics).

During the American Civil War, most of those fighting were volunteers, but as casualties increased and willing volunteers decreased, conscription was introduced to increase the size of the military. Conscription occurred for both sides, the Union and the Confederacy. The Civil War marked the first time Americans were drafted for wartime service, but was not the initial conception of conscription. Back in 1792, all adult males were expected to purchase a weapon and join the local militia. Then again in the War of 1812, conscription was introduced, but no one was drafted because the war concluded. The first draft was introduced in 1862 by the Confederacy and required all those chosen between the ages of 18 and 35 to serve three years in the military. Later, the age range expanded to between 17 and 50. In 1863, the Union then introduced conscription, making all male citizens between the 18 and 45 eligible to be drafted. In addition, all immigrants who intended to become citizens were also subject to the draft. The news of the draft led to many being angry in the North. Draft riots began to happen in New York City and the focus was on African Americans. African Americans were burned, lynched, and beaten. In fact, an African-American orphanage was burned to the ground during the riots. The riots continued until Union troops returned from Gettysburg to quell the fighting. The draft still exists today; however, no men have been drafted to fight in recent U.S. wars because the volunteer army has been large enough to meet military needs.

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