Negritude advocated by african leaders and poets was

Negritude advocated by African leaders and poets was a literary movement of the 1930s, ’40s, and ’50s. The French-speaking African and Caribbean writers living in Paris started a protest against French colonial rule and the policy of assimilation. Léopold Sédar Senghor, the elected first president of the Republic of Senegal in 1960  was one of its most influencial personalities together with Aimé Césaire from Martinique and Léon Damas from French Guiana. They examined Western values with a critical view  and  reevaluated African culture.

In 1947, after the vice presidency had been vacant for most of a presidential term, Congress again changed the line of succession. ... The amendment states that the president may appoint a vice president to fill a vacancy in that office, subject to approval by both houses of Congress.