One of the most longstanding consequences of segregation is that black families in black neighborhoods are unable to build up home equity and therefore lag far behind white families in wealth accumulation.

That statement is true.

During the segregation period, government's program that is aimed to help the citizens in improving their economy was mostly only aimed to white families/neighborhood (such as obtaining loan to buy houses or opened up business), This make many of black families stuck within a situation where it is very hard for them to accumulate wealth in their neighborhood.

Shaping

Shaping  is the operant conditioning process applied directly to the responses issued by the individual.

Explanation:

Shaping is a differential reinforcement of successive approximations of the target behavior. Immediate reinforcement plays an important role in this process, as it makes assimilation faster and more reinforced, just as with arbitrary reinforcers.