What was the main reason europeans began exploring beyond their realms? what did they hope to gain?

Europeans wanted to find riches for their countries and to explore present-day USA they hoped to get riches and gain wealth

A) They traded with lands as distant as Mesopotamia and China is the correct answer.

Explanation:

Indus Valley civilization was located in Indian subcontinent, it developed along the Ghagghar-Hakra and Indus river and later spread to the are  in north-west India, Afghanistan and Pakistan.  It began during Bronze Age and was at its peak between 2600 and 1900 BC. It was discovered in 1920s.  Harappa was the first city to be discovered hence the civilization got the name 'Harappan Civilisation'. Harappan civilizaion and Indus Civilization both are the same.

The Indus people depended on trade, they had traded with China, Persia and Mesopotamia, Central parts of Asia, northern and western India, Arabian Gulf Region and central parts of Asia. The goods traded included gold, beads, terracotta pots, colored gems like lapis lazuli and turquoise, silver, pears and sea shells, flints and metals.