Which of the following should be analyzed using paired-samples t test (as oppose to independent-samples t test)?
1. Comparing the level of stress that students experienced just before
an exam was handed out and the level of stress after they handed
in the completed exam
2. Comparing the level of extraversion between identical twins
3. Comparing the number of hours of watching TV by children from
high versus low socioeconomic status families
1 only

pH = f(x) = -log₁₀x

1. Graphs

I used Excel to calculate the pH values and draw the graphs (see the Figure).

f(x) and f(x) +1 are plotted against the left-hand axis, while f(x+ 1) is plotted against the expanded right-hand axis.

The points at which pH = 0 and pH = 1 are indicated by the large red dots.

2. x = 0.5

When x = 0.5, pH ≈0.30. The point is indicated by the red diamond.

3. Transformations

(a) ƒ(x) = -log(x) + 1

This function has no y-intercept, because log(0) is undefined.

(b) ƒ(x +1) = -log(x + 1)

f(0) = -log(0 + 1) = -log(1) = 0

This function has a y-intercept at (0,0).

hope this helps please mark me brainliest!