1. what percent of the water on earth is salt water? 2. what percent of the water on earth is freshwater? 3. where is the greatest amount of fresh water found on earth? 4. why is water considered a universal solvent? 5. what is runoff? 6. describe evaporation. 7. what is condensation? 8. what is transpiration? 9. how does transpiration occur? 10. evaporation, condensation, precipitation all are parts of what cycle?

In the light-independent reactions, the plant starts with carbon dioxide and ends up with glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P). It uses ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions as energy sources  

Explanation:

Step 1: CO₂ adds to ribulose biphosphate (RBP) to form a six-carbon sugar that immediately decomposes into two molecules of 3-phosphopglycerate (3-PGA).

CO₂ + RBP ⟶ 2 3-PGA

Step 2. A phosphate group adds to the 3-PGA to form 1,3-biphosphoglycerate (1,3-BPG).

3-PGA + ATP ⟶ 1,3-BPG + ADP

Step 3. NADPH reduces the 1,3-BPG to G3P

1,3-BPG + NADPH ⟶ G3P + NADP⁺

Most of the G3P is regenerated into RBP, but some leaves the cycle to become glucose.