8. What is the sex (gender) of this karyotype?

male

Explanation:

because XX= female and XY = male you determine the gender in the last karyotype or however you spell it

The process by which a cell responds to substances outside the cell through signaling molecules found on the surface of and inside the cell. ... Signal transduction is important for cells to grow and work normally. Cells that have abnormal signaling molecules may become cancer cells. Also called cell signaling.

Egg activation, whether initiated by or independent of fertilization, induces a rise in intracellular calcium. This calcium increase often manifests as a signaling wave that traverses the egg and releases it from meiotic arrest and metabolic dormancy.