A mother with the genotype Aa displays the dominant version of the trait. Her husband displays the recessive version of the trait. Their child displays the recessive version of the trait. How is that possible? A. The mother gave a recessive allele to their child.
B. The father gave two recessive alleles to their child.
C. The mother gave the dominant allele to their child.
D. The father gave the dominant allele to their child.

Will give!!

B) The father gave two recessive alleles to their child.

Explanation:

The dad had the recessive version of the trait.

Here's how to group the answers:

TRADE EXPANSIONS IN ITALY

B) Industries such as shipping, manufacturing, and banking developed and flourished. D) Wealth increased, allowing people to sponsor talented artists and scholars.

CRUSADES

A) People lost faith in the church and turned their attention from the divine to the human world. C) Europeans interacted with foreign cultures of the East and became aware of new ideas and experiences.

Allow me to comment a bit about the impact of the Crusades, as an area I know something about.

Regarding answer C about European interaction with foreign cultures of the East:

In addition to the fighting that went on as the main "business" of the Crusades, there was also plenty of economic business that happened too. Various goods were brought back to Europe from the regions in the Middle East where the Crusaders traveled. Food items (such as coffee and rice) and other items (such as carpets and compasses) were obtained by Europeans from Muslim traders. Trade networks were established, and a regulated currency system was developed to facilitate fair trade between Europe and the Middle East.

Regarding answer A about people losing faith in the church:

It seems odd to talk about "loss of faith in the church" at a time when the church was growing in power politically by means of militaristic actions like the Crusades, which occurred from 1095 to 1291 AD.  But it was just that militarization and politicization of the church that cause people to doubt the church's spiritual truthfulness.  The church began to be seen as an institution of power and money rather than one focused on souls and mercy.  The loss of faith in the church as a truly beneficial spiritual institution happened still more when the Black Death then plagued Europe beginning in the mid-1300s.  People were dying by the thousands and the church seemed unable to provide any answers and certainly no miracles.  The church's leadership was appearing less godly.  The church was not inspiring spiritual confidence.