An important characteristic of antibacterial drugs is their selective toxicity. if antibacterial drugs were not selectively toxic, then they would kill or interfere with the hosts' cells as well as bacterial cells. examining cellular differences between bacterial (prokaryotic) cells and host (eukaryotic) cells suggests strategies to achieve selective toxicity. we can capitalize on these differences and take advantage of them in the design of antibacterial drugs identify antibacterial strategies that would likely be selectively toxic for bacteria.

Answer;

-inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis

-inhibition of fimbriae synthesis

-interfering with translation at 70s ribosomes

Explanation;

- Selective toxicity refers to the ability of the drug to targets sites that are relative specific to the microorganism responsible for infection. Sometimes these sites are unique to the microorganism or simply more essential to survival of the microorganism than to the host.

-Antibacterial action generally falls within one of four mechanisms, three of which involve the inhibition or regulation of enzymes involved in cell wall biosynthesis, nucleic acid metabolism and repair, or protein synthesis, respectively. The fourth mechanism involves the disruption of membrane structure.

The correct answer would be - a) surface area to volume ratio

b) As the cell size increases, the surface area to volume ratio decreases

c) The higher/larger is the surface area, the more is the exchange of ions across the membrane

Explanation:

Prokaryotic cells are normally smaller than the eukaryotic cells about a factor of 10, normally the prokaryotic cells range from 0.1 to - 5 µm in diameter such while the 10 to 100 µm in diameter.

The upper limit to the size of a cell is determined by the surface area to volume ratio of the cell. Increase in the cell size the ratio of surface area to volume decreases. The higher the surface area of the cell the more is the transport or movement of the ions across the membrane.

Thus, the correct answer is - a) surface area to volume ratio

b) As the cell size increases, the surface area to volume ratio decreases

c) The higher/larger is the surface area, the more is the exchange of ions across the membrane.