(ap bio) a solution was made of water, salts and enzymes (functional proteins). after adding a strong acid, the enzymes no longer functioned as reaction catalysts. explain how adding the strong acid altered the proteins’ structures and functions. be sure to include the following terms in your protons, three dimensional structure, carboxyl groups, polarity, tertiary structure, and denaturation. you in advance!

Strong acid will provide more proton(H+) which could ionize the carboxyl group of the amino acids, altering their polarity. This changes the secondary and tertiary structure of the protein that made the enzyme, caled denaturation.

The changes of secondary and tertiary structure will alter the enzyme three dimensional structure, cause the enzyme to lose the substrate and binding site and lose the catalysis function.

The Cell-mediated response results in the production of macrophages to use phagocytosis on pathogens. The correct option is C.

Cell mediated immune response occurs when an invading antigen causes the release of cytokines (Interleukins), differentiation of T cells and production of macrophages.

Macrophages are produced through the differenciation of monocytes. They are further activated during an infection through the macrophage-activating cytokine (Interleukins).

Phagocytosis is the process used by immune cells such as macrophages  which involves ingesting and eliminating pathogenic microorganisms.

Cell-mediated response dosent result to differenciation of helper T cells into cytotoxic T cells rather it leads to the activation of cytotoxic T cells. Therefore B is wrong.

Cell-mediated response dosen't lead to the production of antibodies therefore option D is wrong.

Learn more here: