Be able to explain how segmentation and exoskeletons gave some animals an adaptive advantage over those that were not segmented and did not have exoskeletons.

Arthropods have partially alleviated this problem by having the exoskeleton form as individual plates on each body segment or individual cylinders on each segment of the appendages. The plates are called sclerites, and they are connected by flexible tissue to allow the animal to bend during movement.Early land arthropods evolved adaptations such as book lungs or trachea to breathe air. The exoskeleton was another important adaptation. It prevents an animal from drying out. It also provides support in the absence of buoyant water.

1) The function of the digestive system is digestion and absorption. Digestion is the breakdown of food into small molecules, which are then absorbed into the body. The digestive system is divided into two major parts: The digestive tract (alimentary canal) is a continuous tube with two openings: the mouth and the anus, The endocrine system is the collection of glands that produce hormones that regulate metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, and mood, among other things.  Excretion is the process of removing wastes and excess water from the body. It is one of the major ways the body maintains homeostasis. Organs of excretion make up the excretory system. ... The kidneys maintain homeostasis by controlling the amount of water, ions, and other substances in the blood

2) When the cells in your body do not work correctly, homeostatic balance is disrupted. Homeostatic imbalance may lead to a state of disease. Disease and cellular malfunction can be caused in two basic ways: by deficiency (cells not getting all they need) or toxicity (cells being poisoned by things they do not need).

3)   cardiovascular and respiratory systems. The cardiovascular system includes your heart and blood vessels, which function to remove deoxygenated blood from and return oxygenated blood throughout your body.

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