Copies of chromosomes linked together at their centromeres at the beginning of meiosis are appropriately called what kind of chromatids

In every level of the food chain is lost the 90 % of energy.

Explanation:

That means that the total energy taken from the sun, the 10 %  is lost in the next step ( the primary consumers) and just the 1% pass to the second consumers, and just the 0.1 % pass to the third consumers. The 90 % of energy that is lost between one level and the second, the living thing uses to their movements, the metabolism, etc.