How can mutation in a gene lead to a new trait in an organism ?

The answer would be D.

The mutation would cause a(in most cases) new and different polypeptide(protein) to be made so it can cause a different trait. For example a new eye color in fruit fly with mutated dna.

H1: false, the observations of the molecules do not support the hypothesis...

Explanation:

The cell membrane is comprised of a phospholipid bilayer, proteins, and cholesterol. These components help the membrane to maintain its selective permeability and concentration of solutes and water.

The lipid molecules have polar hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails. These only readily allow for the movement of small non polar molecules. Other substances, like charged ions and large molecules require transport proteins to move in and out of the cell. Hypothesis: H+ is small and should be able to move freely through the membrane, While glucose is large and cannot move freely

Observing H+, despite being very small these cannot easily pass through the membrane. They require transport proteins called channels for their free movement or passive movement across the membrane.For glucose, these molecules pass through specialized channels in facilitated diffusion. They move down their concentration gradient into the cell. To move out of the cell against its concentration gradient glucose requires ATP for active transport.Cortisol, is a large steroid hormone, taken into the cell by simple diffusion across the lipid membrane, down its concentration gradient.