How would the atmosphere of the earth differ if the earth was much larger?

If the earth just doubles its size in an instant, the oxygen present in the atmosphere could be much larger. Due to these, we could theorize that insects could grow much larger because the size of their body is heavily dependent on the maximum amount of oxygen present in the atmosphere. Air pressure also increases thus those aerial enthusiasts would enjoy their professions.

They work together to move heat and freshwater across the globe.

Explanation:

Wind-driven and ocean-current circulations move warm water toward the poles and colder water toward the equator. ... Thus, the absorption and movement of energy on the Earth is related to the ocean-atmosphere system.