The male of a monogamous bird species is highly valued for its plumage, and many males are killed so that fashion designers can use their feathers on clothing and hats. The sex ratio of this species is now 89 percent female and 11 percent male. What are the long-term prospects for the species? How might this be different if the species were not monogamous?

The term monogamous refers to a species that has only one mate at a time, as opposed to polygamous species which typically have more than one mate.

In the example given here, many males are being killed for their prized plumage. If this continues to happen, the species may die out. This is because once the female mates with a male, she will stay with him, mating for life.  Many females will be left without a mate because the ratio of males to females is so low.  And so, the number of chicks hatching will continue to drop.

This wouldn't be as big of a problem if the species were polygamous, because the males may have multiple mates at once (or in quick succession.) More eggs become fertilized this way, and the species may have had a chance for survival.

They were probably something like modern bacteria with a single cell membrane and no cell nucleus. The genetic material was probably RNA and might have been loop shaped. There was no Oxygen in the atmosphere, so these organisms broke down organic molecules by fermentation. Some might have used thermal energy the way modern plants use solar energy