What do the ecosystems of a puddle, lake, river, jungle, mountain-top grassland, and deep-sea vent have in common?

a. they are defined by their abiotic factors only.

b. they are defined by their biotic factors and abiotic factors.

c. energy never leaves the system once it enters.

d. they are defined by their biotic factors only.

B. they are defined by their biotic factors and abiotic factors.

The digram is the pyramid

tertiary consumers: known as apex predators are mostly CARNIVORES but sometimes can be omnivores

secondary: has some carnivores but i would say OMNIVORES

primary: HERBIVORES

primary producer: AUTOTROPH. like grass

heterotrophs: an organism deriving its nutritional requirements from complex organic substances. so like a grass hopper or toad/frog