Where do the producers get their energy to make food? Just
1. other plants
2. the soil
3. the animals
4. the sun

The answer is the sun

Explanation:

Produces are things like grass, flowers, trees, etc and they get energy to make food from the sun

There answer is options 1 and 2.

Explanation:

To test the example given in the question where some ponds have toads with darker colors and some with lighter colors, we can select;

1 - Ponds can be observed for the feeding habits of the predators and this can explain why toads with lighter or darker colors are the majority of the population in some ponds.

2 - The mating preferences of the female toads can be observed and examined statistically which can give us a pattern of preference.

The other options can not be selected as testable hypotheses because of the uncontrollable and subjective variables such as the quality of the food or the toad's genes and the stress of the environment of the pond.

I hope this answer helps.