Which factors most directly control the development of soils?

Climate, time, parent material and topography are the factors which are responsible for the formation and development of soil.

Explanation:

Climate is the average weather conditions of an area which includes rainfall and temperature. Time for the development of soil is also important for the changes occurs. Parent material means from which particles, soil is formed. Topography refers to the physical features of land such as mountain and hills etc.

enzymes loose their form in both unsuitable ph and temprature.

Explanation:

at very high tempratures enzyme molecules denatures due to high speed movements, at low tempratures enzymes works too slow to be useful enough.

low ph solotions contain lot of H+  and high ph solutions have few H+ , and the number of these H+ ions have polar effects on enzymes.  some Enzymes like pepsin works perfect in acidic environment ( ph=2)  while others might work at  high ph  or average ph( like Trypsin  works well at ph=7).