Which mechanism do sponges possess that makes a predator think twice before attacking it? they have flagellated cells. they produce toxins that make them poisonous. they forcibly draw water inside the body.

They produce toxins that make them poisonous. The sponge will produce toxins that could disrupt the metabolism of any organisms that dare to consume them. Most predators will be able to detect this toxin through their sense of smells which make them rather to avoid the sponge

According to bottom-up and top-down control models of community organization, which of the following expressions would imply that an increase in the size of a carnivore (C) population would negatively impact on its prey (P) population, but not vice versa? D) P ← C

Explanation:

A community is defined by all the organisms living in the same area. In nature,  theses communities are organized in a bottom-up or a top-down model. Bottom-up control is importante because of the association between many species and the supply of resources from the environment. The sources of top-down control is made of consumers and predators.