Which one of the principles posits that heritable characteristics that provide a survival or reproductive advantage are more likely than alternative characteristics to be passed on to subsequent generations, and thus they come to be chosen over time?

Natural selection

Explanation:

The action of natural selection consists in selecting individuals more adapted to a given ecological condition, eliminating those disadvantaged for that same condition. The most appropriate expression refers to the greater probability of a given individual surviving and leaving descendants in a given environment.

Natural selection acts permanently on all populations. Even in stable and constant environments, natural selection acts in a stabilizing manner, is present, eliminating deviant phenotypes. However, the environment does not represent a constant and stable system, either over time or over space, which determines different interactions between organisms and the environment.

Natural selection is the principle that postulates that hereditary traits that provide a reproductive or survival advantage are more likely than alternative traits to be passed on to subsequent generations and are therefore chosen over time.

1 a 2b 3increase

Explanation:

Genetically fishes have gills to inhale they take water through gills and u know water has some amount of oxygen

2 predators increase because many fishes eat each other bcz of competition

3 so relating point 2 competition also increase