According to coase, the optimal allocation of resources is guided by

The phrase that best completes the statement would be "the decisions of a firm's managers on market prices." Furthermore, the Coase theorem states in the presence of external factors, there must be an efficiency using a "completely free trade in property rights."

Theory X

Explanation:

As a student of motivational theory, the management style of Lauren is known as Theory X. Theory X is an authoritarian style.

Theory X managers believe that people are naturally unmotivated and therefore employees dislike their work and need to be rewarded or punished for them to work.

In this case, since Lauren has little regard for the skill or ability of those she hires and there's a punishment for those who doesn't come to work, then the theory X style used.