Canton Corp. produces a part using an expensive proprietary machine that can only be leased. The leasing company offers two contracts. The first (unit-rate lease) is one where Canton would pay $4 per unit produced, regardless of the number of units. The second lease option (flat-rate lease) is one where Canton would pay $60,000 per month, regardless of the number produced. The lease will run one year and the lease option chosen cannot be changed during the lease. All other lease terms are the same.

The part sells for $40 per unit and unit variable cost (excluding any machine lease costs) are $20. Monthly fixed costs (excluding any machine lease costs) are $200,000.

a. What is the monthly break-even level assuming:

1. The unit-rate lease?
2. The flat-rate lease?
b. At what volume would the operating profit be the same regardless of the lease option chosen?

c. Assume monthly volume of 20,000 units. What is the operating leverage assuming:

1. The unit-rate lease?
2. The flat-rate lease?
d. Assume monthly volume of 20,000 units. What is the margin of safety percentage assuming:

1. The unit-rate lease?
2. The flat-rate lease?

Explanation:

a)

1. Unit rate lease

Unit Contribution margin = Unit Selling price – Unit Variable cost

= 40 - 24 =  $16

Break even point (units) = Fixed cost/Contribution margin per unit

= 200,000/16  = 12,500

2. Flat rate lease

Unit Contribution margin = Unit Selling price – Unit Variable cost

= 40 - 20  = $20

Break even point (units) = Fixed cost/Contribution margin per unit

= 260,000/20  = 13,000

b.)

Let at X units produced profit margin is same under both the lease options

40X - 24X - 200,000 = 40X - 20X - 260,000

16X - 200,000 = 20X - 260,000

4X = 60,000

X = 15,000

If 15,000 units are produced, profit margin will be same under both the lease options.

c)

1. Unit rate lease

Contribution margin income statement

Sales (20,000 x 40)  800,000

Variable cost (20,000 x 24)  - 480,000

Contribution margin  320,000

Fixed cost  - 200,000

Operating income  120,000

Operating leverage = Contribution margin/Operating income

= 320,000/120,000  = 2.67

2. Flat rate lease

Contribution margin income statement

Sales (20,000 x 40)  800,000

Variable cost (20,000 x 20)  - 400,000

Contribution margin  400,000

Fixed cost  - 260,000

Operating income  140,000

Operating leverage = Contribution margin/Operating income

= 400,000/140,000  = 2.86

d)

1. Unit rate lease

Margin of safety = Actual sales - Break even sales

= 20,000 x 40 - 12,500 x 40

= 800,000 - 500,000

= $300,000

Margin of safety (%) = Margin of safety/Actual sales

= 300,000/800,000  = 37.5%

2. Flat rate lease

Margin of safety = Actual sales - Break even sales

= 20,000 x 40 - 13,000 x 40

= 800,000 - 520,000

= $280,000

Margin of safety (%) = Margin of safety/Actual sales

= 280,000/800,000  

= 35%

C. $69,000

Explanation:

Computation of the cash paid for dividends during Year 2

First step is to calculate the difference in Retained earnings for Year 2 and Year 1

Retained earnings =$688,000-$582,000

Difference in retained earnings =$106,000

Second step is to calculate for the cash paid for dividends during Year 2

Using this formula

Cash paid dividend = Year 2 Net income- Retained earnings difference

Let plug in the formula

Cash paid dividend=$175,000-$106,000

Cash paid dividend =$69,000

Therefore the cash paid for dividends during Year 2 will be $69,000