Tip Top Corp. produces a product that requires 11 standard gallons per unit. The standard price is $4.5 per gallon. If 4,500 units required 50,500 gallons, which were purchased at $4.27 per gallon, what is the direct materials (a) price variance, (b) quantity variance, and (c) cost variance

Explanation:

To calculate the direct material price, quantity, and total variance; we need to use the following formulas:

Direct material price variance= (standard price - actual price)*actual quantity

Direct material price variance= (4.5 - 4.27)*50,500

Direct material price variance= $11,615 favorable

Direct material quantity variance= (standard quantity - actual quantity)*standard price

Direct material quantity variance= (11*4,500 - 50,500)*4.5

Direct material quantity variance= $4,500 unfavorable

Total direct material cost variance= 11,615 - 4,500

Total direct material cost variance= $7,115

The lemonade made are similar in taste, thus they are identical products. Thus, if a lemonade seller increases the price of their good, buyers can patronise another lemonade seller. As a result, the price of lemonades would be the same among the five sellers.

Also, there is little or no barriers to entry for lemonade sellers.

A perfect competition is a market were there are numerous buyers and sellers of homogenous goods and services. Market prices are set by the forces of demand and supply. There are no barriers to entry or exit of firms into the industry.

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