What specific marketing actions would you propose that mall of america managers take to ensure the continuing success in attracting visitors (a) from the local metropolitan area and (b) from outside of it?

Offer different retail options that attract new customers, and international stores that will attract people from outside the market. Provide increased security, entertainment, and amenities to make people feel safe and welcome.  

a) The odds that such a taxpayer will be audited is 4%.

b) The odds against such a taxpayer being audited is 96%.

Step-by-step explanation:

a) Data and Calculations:

The probability of an IRS audit = 3.8% for U.S. taxpayers who file form 1040 and earned $100,000.

This is the same as the odds that such a taxpayer will be audited.  Odds is the likelihood or chance that an event will take place.

b) The probability of not being audited is 100 - 3.8% = 96.2%

The odd against being audited is the likelihood or chance that an event will not take place.