Describe in detail what happens when the following are dissolved in water polar solute ch3oh vs nonpolar solute ch3(ch2)4ch3
kf vs co2

The simple trick is "Like dissolves Like".

Water is a polar molecule. So it will dissolve polar compounds.

1. CH3OH is polar. So, it will dissolve. Non polar solute CH3(CH2)4CH3 will not.

2. CO2 is non polar. So it will not dissolve. 
And KF is an inorganic compound. So it will be soluble in water.

Single replacement since the Mg combines with Cl2 and H is left alone