Explain the necessary similarities and/or differences between the components of a mixture in order for extraction to be used as an effective method for separation. In other words, how must Compound A and Compound B be similar and/or different in order for these components to be separated using extraction

It is necessary that there be differences and similarities between the components of a mixture.

Explanation:

Differences: It is important that there are solubility differences between the components of a mixture.

As similarities they must have, it is necessary to take into account the solubility rule that says "Similar similar dissolves", that is, that polar solutes can only be dissolved in polar solvents and non-polar solvents in non-polar solvents.

1) The correct step in the scientific method that Victor did is Construct a hypothesis.

2) Given mass and density, volume is calculated as mass divided by density.

Explanation:

1) Before doing the assay and make a graph with the results obtained, Victor should think what he wants to prove, so he should make a hypoythesis to test with the assay.

2) The formula of density is

density = mass/volume ⇒ density x volume = mass ⇒                      volume = mass/density.