How does the direction of the force
affect the direction an object will
travel?

Forces affect how objects move. They may cause motion; they may also slow, stop, or change the direction of motion of an object that is already moving. Since force cause changes in the speed or direction of an object, we can say that forces cause changes in velocity. Remember that acceleration is a change in velocity.

Option (a) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

The relation between pH and concentration of hydrogen ions is as follows.

              pH =

or,         pH =

At the equivalence point concentration of hydrogen ions equal hydroxide ions. Or, we can say concentration of hydrogen ions = 0.

Therefore,  pH =

                         =

                  pH  = infinity

Hence, there will be sudden increase in pH. Thus, we can conclude that when the pH increases suddenly in the flask then a base is no longer added during a titration.