If you had used toluene instead of methyl benzoate in this reaction, what nitration product(s) would have formed? Write a stepwise mechanism for the nitration reaction of toluene.

See explanation

Explanation:

The electrophilic substitution of aromatic compounds occurs faster in substituted aromatic compounds due to the fact that the ring becomes more or less susceptible to electrophilic attack depending on the nature of the substituent in the ring.

Electron pushing substituents such as alkyl groups stabilize the positive charge developed during electrophilic substitution hence they activate the ring towards electrophilic substitution.

The methyl group is an ortho - para directing substituent hence the product obtained by nitration of toluene is o-nitrotoluene and p-nitrotoluene.

The stepwise mechanism for obtaining these products is shown in the image attached to this answer.

0.0021 M

Explanation:

Given data:

Mass of C₆H₁₄N₄O₂ = 0.446 g

Volume of solution = 1.250 L

Concentration/Molarity of solution = ?

Solution:

Molarity is used to describe the concentration of solution. It tells how many moles are dissolve in per litter of solution.

Formula:

Molarity = number of moles of solute / L of solution

Now we will calculate the number of moles of solute.

Number of moles = mass/molar mass

Number of moles = 0.446 g/ 174 g/mol

Number of moles = 0.0026 mol

Molarity:

Molarity = 0.0026 mol / 1.250 L

Molarity = 0.0021 M