When methyloxirane is treated with HBr, the bromide ion attacks the less substituted position. However, when phenyloxirane is treated with HBr, the bromide ion attacks the more substituted position. Explain the difference in regiochemistry in terms of a competition between steric effects and electronic effects. (Hint: It may help to draw out the structure of the phenyl group.)

See explanation and picture below

Explanation:

First, in the case of methyloxirane (Also known as propilene oxide) the mechanism that is taking place there is something similar to a Sn2 mechanism. Although a Sn2 mechanism is a bimolecular substitution taking place in only step, the mechanism followed here is pretty similar after the first step.

In both cases, the H atom of the HBr goes to the oxygen in the molecule. You'll have a OH⁺ in both. However, in the case of methyloxirane the next step is a Sn2 mechanism step, the bromide ion will go to the less substitued carbon, because the methyl group is exerting a steric hindrance. Not a big one but it has a little effect there, that's why the bromide will rather go to the carbon with more hydrogens. and the final product is formed.

In the case of phenyloxirane, once the OH⁺ is formed, the next step is a Sn1 mechanism. In this case, the bond C - OH⁺ is opened on the side of the phenyl to stabilize the OH. This is because that carbon is more stable than the carbon with no phenyl. (A 3° carbon is more stable than a 2° carbon). Therefore, when this bond opens, the bromide will go there in the next step, and the final product is formed. See picture below for mechanism and products.

The correct answer is photosynthesis.  

In Earth Science and Ecology, cycling of substances or biogeochemical cycle refers to a passageway by which a chemical component moves via biosphere (biotic) and lithosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere (abiotic) segments of Earth.  

The most essential biogeochemical cycles are the nitrogen cycle, carbon cycle, phosphorus cycle, oxygen cycle, and the water cycle. The biogeochemical cycles always help in attaining a state of equilibrium.  

As the biogeochemical cycle helps in sustaining a balance of input and output, so in case if the forests are cut down, then one process of the carbon cycle, that is, photosynthesis gets highly affected. It is the procedure by which green plants utilize sunlight to produce foods from water and carbon dioxide.