Which of the following should have the highest conductivity? a. 3.0 M NaCl b. 2.1 M Na3PO4 c. 2.4 M CaCl2 d. 3.2 M NH4NO3

The correct answer is option b, that is, 2.1 M Na₃PO₄.

Explanation:

The solution with the largest concentration of ions will possess the highest conductivity.

a) 3.0 M NaCl

NaCl ⇔ Na⁺ + Cl⁻

Here the total number of ions is 2, therefore, the concentration of ions is 3.0 × 2 = 6.0 M

b) 2.1 M Na₃PO₄

Na₃PO₄ ⇔ 3 Na⁺ + PO₄³⁻

Here the total number of ions i 4. Therefore, the concentration of ions is

2.1 × 4 = 8.4 M.

c) 2.4 M CaCl₂

CaCl₂ ⇔ Ca²⁺ + 2Cl⁻

The total number of ions is 3. Therefore, the concentration of ions is

2.4 × 3 = 7.2 M

d) 3.2 M NH₄NO₃

NH₄NO₃ ⇔ NH₄⁺ + NO₃⁻

The total number of ions is 2. The concentration of ions will be,

3.2 × 2 = 6.4 M

Hence, the highest conductivity will be of 2.1 M Na₃PO₄.

A block of ice is solid water. When heat  is added, the ice melts into liquid water. ... When heat is added, the snowflake melts and changes state to become liquid water. If heat is removed from water vapour, the gas cools down and it condenses back into liquid water.

Explanation: