Why does the sun appear to be the brightest star in the sky? A. It burns more gas, making it brighter than any other star.
B. It is the largest star in the galaxy, so it is the brightest star
C .Its relative distance to Earth is closer than the other stars.

C. it's relative distance to earth is closer than the other stars

  False

Some people believe that the Moon’s phases are caused by Earth’s shadows on the Moon is false.

Explanation:

Some people believe that the Moon’s phases are caused by Earth’s shadows on the Moon is their misconception.

The phases depend on its place relative with sun and earth.The phases of moon are new moon,waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbon, full moon, wanning gibbon,last quarter, wanning crescent,new moon.

For example,

When moon, earth, and sun are exactly in the same line and moon lies in between earth and sun, the sun illuminates the back part of the moon which is not visible from earth. This forms new moon.

So only relative positions matter in the phases of moon.