A flashback occured when the narrator refers to a moment that happened before the action in the story. Flashback are communicated often in the form of memory. In the paragraph beginning with sentence "The rain was soothing somehow" a flashback occured. Quote the sentence refers to a memory of a time before.

Hey there Christian!

Joan of Arc was the person who contributed to the romantic revival in literature. This person was known to be a (saint) and also many people had nicked named her ("The Maid of Orléans") because of all of the stuff that she had done in her passed life. Her full name was to be ( Jeanne d'Arc).

The Mark Twain novel that contributed to the romantic revival in literature was Joan of Arc