According to hoffman and bateson, " is the reverse of ‘doing things by the book.’ carries this logic even further by first individuals and then coupling this with a reward system that recognizes people for their performance."

According to Hoffman and Bateson, "empowerment is the reverse of ‘doing things by the book.’ Enfranchisement carries this logic even further by first empowering individuals and then coupling this with a reward system that recognizes people for their performance."

Both passages use evidence to show that knowledge of the extreme brutality of the sugar trade changed viewpoints about enslavement.

Explanation:

The author's main idea is the fact that sugar, even though it had caused all the atrocities it had caused, changed people's impressions of slavery.

All this was due to the fact that with the Age of Sugar, slavery became brutal as ever. And people were noticing it. Lemerre Younger was the first one to protest, declaring equal rights for all. And it -

began to spread — toppling kings, overturning governments, transforming the entire world.

In the second passage, the authors show how Clarkson and the abolitionists fought their fights. It was all about making things public, educating the blind. By helping people understand and see the reality of the slave trade, they started a revolution in people's opinion. One was no longer indifferent after Clarkson's speeches and the testimonials he published. The people rose against the torture.