At eac hpoint the machine can move its head right or left to stay in the same position on the tpae. Show that this turing machine variant is not equivalent to the usual version. What class of languages do these machines recognize?

signal language   or  sound language

Explanation:

By this statement, Robert Putnam meant that the informal social ties promote more efficient bureaucracy than the formal sectors.

Explanation:

In this analogy given by Robert Putnam, he represented the informal social ties with the choral societies and the formal social tie with the health sector.

There is always delay in  processes and activities due to an inefficient bureaucracy in these formal settings. The informal social ties handle bureaucracy  more efficiently than the formal setting