How do i identify the theme or central idea in a literary text?

1: The novel’s protagonist and the matriarch of the Rivera family, Alma is a loving wife and mother who is determined to make the best life possible for her daughter, Maribel.

2: Maribel is in many ways the catalyst for all that happens in the novel—longing to be able to give her a better, more specialized education, Alma and Arturo change their entire lives so that Maribel can attend the Evers School in Newark, Delaware.

3: She misses her bus stop and begins to panic as she realizes she is in an unfamiliar part of town and has just twenty minutes to get home to meet Maribel's bus as she arrives home from school.

4: First published in 1956, this much sought-after autobiographical recollection from Truman Capote (In Cold Blood; Breakfast at Tiffany's) about his rural Alabama boyhood is a perfect gift for Capote's fans young and old.

5: Mayor tries to exit the situation, but Garrett grabs his arm and asks him increasingly explicit questions about Maribel, revealing that Garrett has been fantasizing about her.

6: Mayor overhears his parents discussing the call they received from the school, requesting they come by for a conference—he is in his room, examining his still-bloodied face.

7: Mayor is heavily grounded—he is not allowed to see Maribel or his friend William, and he receives no allowance. His father has also taken away all of his Christmas presents, and he dangles Mayor’s brother Enrique’s many gifts right in front of Mayor’s nose.

8: On Christmas Eve, the Toros go to retrieve Enrique from the Wilmington train station.

9: Enrique wants to skip church that evening, as he is tired from his trip, but Celia insists that he join them.

10: Later in the morning, the radiators stop working—soon, the telephone rings, and Alma Rivera reports that her family’s radiator has gone out, too.

11: As the party grows more and more boisterous and joyful, and everyone starts dancing, Mayor pulls Maribel away from the action in order to give her a Christmas present—he has saved up his allowance to buy her a red scarf.

12: Mayor's desire to see Maribel creeps back in, and, in an attempt to cover it up, he inadvertently suggests a full-on block party. Despite the annoyance—and even the danger—of broken heating on Christmas day, Mayor watches as his neighbors all come together to celebrate the holiday and their shared cultures.

13: At noon, Celia begins calling her friends throughout the building and inviting them to come by—everyone’s heat is out. Soon there is a party in full swing at the Toro apartment, and even the landlord, Fito, stops by to announce that the energy company is on the way to fix the heat.

14: Fito came to America from Paraguay in 1972 with dreams of being a boxer. He was “skinny but strong,” and he gave boxing a try for a while, attempting to follow a famous trainer to Vermont. He could only afford to go as far as Delaware, though, and took a job laying blacktop at the Redwood Apartments.

15: Though Fito never expected to end up in Delaware, he has found a thriving Latino community and has come to see it as “home.” Fito purchased the building after saving for years, and he tries each day to make it “like an island for washed-ashore refugees.”

Explanation:

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